R/oxford_govt_policy_timeline.R
government_policy_timeline.RdGovernments are taking a wide range of measures in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) aims to track and compare government responses to the coronavirus outbreak worldwide rigorously and consistently.
government_policy_timeline()a data.frame
Systematic information on which governments have taken which measures, and when, can help decision-makers and citizens understand the robustness of governmental responses in a consistent way, aiding efforts to fight the pandemic. The OxCGRT systematically collects information on several different common policy responses governments have taken, scores the stringency of such measures, and aggregates these scores into a common Stringency Index.
Data is collected from public sources by a team of dozens of Oxford University students and staff from every part of the world.
OxCGRT collects publicly available information on 11 indicators of government response (S1-S11). The first seven indicators (S1-S7) take policies such as school closures, travel bans, etc. are recorded on an ordinal scale; the remainder (S8-S11) are financial indicators such as fiscal or monetary measures. For a full description of the data and how it is collected, see this working paper.
Recommended citation for database: Hale, Thomas and Samuel Webster (2020). Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. Data use policy: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY standard.
Other data-import:
acaps_government_measures_data(),
acaps_secondary_impact_data(),
apple_mobility_data(),
beoutbreakprepared_data(),
cci_us_vaccine_data(),
cdc_aggregated_projections(),
cdc_excess_deaths(),
cdc_social_vulnerability_index(),
coronadatascraper_data(),
coronanet_government_response_data(),
cov_glue_lineage_data(),
cov_glue_newick_data(),
cov_glue_snp_lineage(),
covidtracker_data(),
descartes_mobility_data(),
ecdc_data(),
econ_tracker_consumer_spending,
econ_tracker_employment,
econ_tracker_unemp_data,
economist_excess_deaths(),
financial_times_excess_deaths(),
google_mobility_data(),
jhu_data(),
jhu_us_data(),
kff_icu_beds(),
nytimes_county_data(),
oecd_unemployment_data(),
owid_data(),
param_estimates_published(),
test_and_trace_data(),
us_county_geo_details(),
us_county_health_rankings(),
us_healthcare_capacity(),
us_hospital_details(),
us_state_distancing_policy(),
usa_facts_data(),
who_cases()
Other NPI:
acaps_government_measures_data(),
coronanet_government_response_data(),
us_state_distancing_policy()
library(dplyr)
res = government_policy_timeline()
head(res)
#> country iso3c date RegionCode Jurisdiction Date C1_School closing
#> 1: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-01 0
#> 2: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-02 0
#> 3: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-03 0
#> 4: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-04 0
#> 5: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-05 0
#> 6: Aruba ABW NAT_TOTAL 2020-01-06 0
#> C1_Flag C2_Workplace closing C2_Flag C3_Cancel public events C3_Flag
#> 1: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> 2: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> 3: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> 4: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> 5: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> 6: NA 0 NA 0 NA
#> C4_Restrictions on gatherings C4_Flag C5_Close public transport C5_Flag
#> 1: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 2: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 3: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 4: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 5: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 6: 0 NA 0 NA
#> C6_Stay at home requirements C6_Flag C7_Restrictions on internal movement
#> 1: 0 NA 0
#> 2: 0 NA 0
#> 3: 0 NA 0
#> 4: 0 NA 0
#> 5: 0 NA 0
#> 6: 0 NA 0
#> C7_Flag C8_International travel controls E1_Income support E1_Flag
#> 1: NA 0 0 NA
#> 2: NA 0 0 NA
#> 3: NA 0 0 NA
#> 4: NA 0 0 NA
#> 5: NA 0 0 NA
#> 6: NA 0 0 NA
#> E2_Debt/contract relief E3_Fiscal measures E4_International support
#> 1: 0 0 0
#> 2: 0 0 0
#> 3: 0 0 0
#> 4: 0 0 0
#> 5: 0 0 0
#> 6: 0 0 0
#> H1_Public information campaigns H1_Flag H2_Testing policy H3_Contact tracing
#> 1: 0 NA 0 0
#> 2: 0 NA 0 0
#> 3: 0 NA 0 0
#> 4: 0 NA 0 0
#> 5: 0 NA 0 0
#> 6: 0 NA 0 0
#> H4_Emergency investment in healthcare H5_Investment in vaccines
#> 1: 0 0
#> 2: 0 0
#> 3: 0 0
#> 4: 0 0
#> 5: 0 0
#> 6: 0 0
#> H6_Facial Coverings H6_Flag H7_Vaccination policy H7_Flag
#> 1: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 2: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 3: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 4: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 5: 0 NA 0 NA
#> 6: 0 NA 0 NA
#> H8_Protection of elderly people H8_Flag M1_Wildcard
#> 1: 0 NA NA
#> 2: 0 NA NA
#> 3: 0 NA NA
#> 4: 0 NA NA
#> 5: 0 NA NA
#> 6: 0 NA NA
#> V1_Vaccine Prioritisation (summary) V2A_Vaccine Availability (summary)
#> 1: 0 0
#> 2: 0 0
#> 3: 0 0
#> 4: 0 0
#> 5: 0 0
#> 6: 0 0
#> V2B_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (general population summary)
#> 1:
#> 2:
#> 3:
#> 4:
#> 5:
#> 6:
#> V2C_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (at risk summary)
#> 1:
#> 2:
#> 3:
#> 4:
#> 5:
#> 6:
#> V2D_Medically/ clinically vulnerable (Non-elderly) V2E_Education
#> 1: NA NA
#> 2: NA NA
#> 3: NA NA
#> 4: NA NA
#> 5: NA NA
#> 6: NA NA
#> V2F_Frontline workers (non healthcare) V2G_Frontline workers (healthcare)
#> 1: NA NA
#> 2: NA NA
#> 3: NA NA
#> 4: NA NA
#> 5: NA NA
#> 6: NA NA
#> V3_Vaccine Financial Support (summary) V4_Mandatory Vaccination (summary)
#> 1: 0 NA
#> 2: 0 NA
#> 3: 0 NA
#> 4: 0 NA
#> 5: 0 NA
#> 6: 0 NA
#> ConfirmedCases ConfirmedDeaths StringencyIndex StringencyIndexForDisplay
#> 1: NA NA 0 0
#> 2: NA NA 0 0
#> 3: NA NA 0 0
#> 4: NA NA 0 0
#> 5: NA NA 0 0
#> 6: NA NA 0 0
#> StringencyLegacyIndex StringencyLegacyIndexForDisplay
#> 1: 0 0
#> 2: 0 0
#> 3: 0 0
#> 4: 0 0
#> 5: 0 0
#> 6: 0 0
#> GovernmentResponseIndex GovernmentResponseIndexForDisplay
#> 1: 0 0
#> 2: 0 0
#> 3: 0 0
#> 4: 0 0
#> 5: 0 0
#> 6: 0 0
#> ContainmentHealthIndex ContainmentHealthIndexForDisplay EconomicSupportIndex
#> 1: 0 0 0
#> 2: 0 0 0
#> 3: 0 0 0
#> 4: 0 0 0
#> 5: 0 0 0
#> 6: 0 0 0
#> EconomicSupportIndexForDisplay
#> 1: 0
#> 2: 0
#> 3: 0
#> 4: 0
#> 5: 0
#> 6: 0
colnames(res)
#> [1] "country"
#> [2] "iso3c"
#> [3] "date"
#> [4] "RegionCode"
#> [5] "Jurisdiction"
#> [6] "Date"
#> [7] "C1_School closing"
#> [8] "C1_Flag"
#> [9] "C2_Workplace closing"
#> [10] "C2_Flag"
#> [11] "C3_Cancel public events"
#> [12] "C3_Flag"
#> [13] "C4_Restrictions on gatherings"
#> [14] "C4_Flag"
#> [15] "C5_Close public transport"
#> [16] "C5_Flag"
#> [17] "C6_Stay at home requirements"
#> [18] "C6_Flag"
#> [19] "C7_Restrictions on internal movement"
#> [20] "C7_Flag"
#> [21] "C8_International travel controls"
#> [22] "E1_Income support"
#> [23] "E1_Flag"
#> [24] "E2_Debt/contract relief"
#> [25] "E3_Fiscal measures"
#> [26] "E4_International support"
#> [27] "H1_Public information campaigns"
#> [28] "H1_Flag"
#> [29] "H2_Testing policy"
#> [30] "H3_Contact tracing"
#> [31] "H4_Emergency investment in healthcare"
#> [32] "H5_Investment in vaccines"
#> [33] "H6_Facial Coverings"
#> [34] "H6_Flag"
#> [35] "H7_Vaccination policy"
#> [36] "H7_Flag"
#> [37] "H8_Protection of elderly people"
#> [38] "H8_Flag"
#> [39] "M1_Wildcard"
#> [40] "V1_Vaccine Prioritisation (summary)"
#> [41] "V2A_Vaccine Availability (summary)"
#> [42] "V2B_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (general population summary)"
#> [43] "V2C_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (at risk summary)"
#> [44] "V2D_Medically/ clinically vulnerable (Non-elderly)"
#> [45] "V2E_Education"
#> [46] "V2F_Frontline workers (non healthcare)"
#> [47] "V2G_Frontline workers (healthcare)"
#> [48] "V3_Vaccine Financial Support (summary)"
#> [49] "V4_Mandatory Vaccination (summary)"
#> [50] "ConfirmedCases"
#> [51] "ConfirmedDeaths"
#> [52] "StringencyIndex"
#> [53] "StringencyIndexForDisplay"
#> [54] "StringencyLegacyIndex"
#> [55] "StringencyLegacyIndexForDisplay"
#> [56] "GovernmentResponseIndex"
#> [57] "GovernmentResponseIndexForDisplay"
#> [58] "ContainmentHealthIndex"
#> [59] "ContainmentHealthIndexForDisplay"
#> [60] "EconomicSupportIndex"
#> [61] "EconomicSupportIndexForDisplay"
dplyr::glimpse(res)
#> Rows: 290,916
#> Columns: 61
#> $ country <chr> …
#> $ iso3c <chr> …
#> $ date <chr> …
#> $ RegionCode <chr> …
#> $ Jurisdiction <chr> …
#> $ Date <date> …
#> $ `C1_School closing` <dbl> …
#> $ C1_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C2_Workplace closing` <dbl> …
#> $ C2_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C3_Cancel public events` <dbl> …
#> $ C3_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C4_Restrictions on gatherings` <dbl> …
#> $ C4_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C5_Close public transport` <dbl> …
#> $ C5_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C6_Stay at home requirements` <dbl> …
#> $ C6_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C7_Restrictions on internal movement` <dbl> …
#> $ C7_Flag <int> …
#> $ `C8_International travel controls` <dbl> …
#> $ `E1_Income support` <dbl> …
#> $ E1_Flag <int> …
#> $ `E2_Debt/contract relief` <dbl> …
#> $ `E3_Fiscal measures` <dbl> …
#> $ `E4_International support` <dbl> …
#> $ `H1_Public information campaigns` <dbl> …
#> $ H1_Flag <int> …
#> $ `H2_Testing policy` <dbl> …
#> $ `H3_Contact tracing` <dbl> …
#> $ `H4_Emergency investment in healthcare` <dbl> …
#> $ `H5_Investment in vaccines` <dbl> …
#> $ `H6_Facial Coverings` <dbl> …
#> $ H6_Flag <int> …
#> $ `H7_Vaccination policy` <dbl> …
#> $ H7_Flag <int> …
#> $ `H8_Protection of elderly people` <dbl> …
#> $ H8_Flag <int> …
#> $ M1_Wildcard <lgl> …
#> $ `V1_Vaccine Prioritisation (summary)` <int> …
#> $ `V2A_Vaccine Availability (summary)` <int> …
#> $ `V2B_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (general population summary)` <chr> …
#> $ `V2C_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (at risk summary)` <chr> …
#> $ `V2D_Medically/ clinically vulnerable (Non-elderly)` <int> …
#> $ V2E_Education <int> …
#> $ `V2F_Frontline workers (non healthcare)` <int> …
#> $ `V2G_Frontline workers (healthcare)` <int> …
#> $ `V3_Vaccine Financial Support (summary)` <int> …
#> $ `V4_Mandatory Vaccination (summary)` <int> …
#> $ ConfirmedCases <int> …
#> $ ConfirmedDeaths <int> …
#> $ StringencyIndex <dbl> …
#> $ StringencyIndexForDisplay <dbl> …
#> $ StringencyLegacyIndex <dbl> …
#> $ StringencyLegacyIndexForDisplay <dbl> …
#> $ GovernmentResponseIndex <dbl> …
#> $ GovernmentResponseIndexForDisplay <dbl> …
#> $ ContainmentHealthIndex <dbl> …
#> $ ContainmentHealthIndexForDisplay <dbl> …
#> $ EconomicSupportIndex <dbl> …
#> $ EconomicSupportIndexForDisplay <dbl> …
summary(res)
#> country iso3c date RegionCode
#> Length:290916 Length:290916 Length:290916 Length:290916
#> Class :character Class :character Class :character Class :character
#> Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character Mode :character
#>
#>
#>
#>
#> Jurisdiction Date C1_School closing C1_Flag
#> Length:290916 Min. :2020-01-01 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00
#> Class :character 1st Qu.:2020-08-20 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:1.00
#> Mode :character Median :2021-03-28 Median :1.000 Median :1.00
#> Mean :2021-03-19 Mean :1.525 Mean :0.78
#> 3rd Qu.:2021-10-18 3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:1.00
#> Max. :2022-05-09 Max. :3.000 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :11513 NA's :65846
#> C2_Workplace closing C2_Flag C3_Cancel public events C3_Flag
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:1.00 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:1.00
#> Median :1.000 Median :1.00 Median :1.000 Median :1.00
#> Mean :1.338 Mean :0.79 Mean :1.287 Mean :0.85
#> 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:1.00
#> Max. :3.000 Max. :1.00 Max. :2.000 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :11831 NA's :74835 NA's :12096 NA's :65167
#> C4_Restrictions on gatherings C4_Flag C5_Close public transport
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.0 Min. :0.000
#> 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:1.0 1st Qu.:0.000
#> Median :3.000 Median :1.0 Median :0.000
#> Mean :2.305 Mean :0.8 Mean :0.508
#> 3rd Qu.:4.000 3rd Qu.:1.0 3rd Qu.:1.000
#> Max. :4.000 Max. :1.0 Max. :2.000
#> NA's :12161 NA's :87321 NA's :12286
#> C5_Flag C6_Stay at home requirements C6_Flag
#> Min. :0.0 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:0.0 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:0.00
#> Median :1.0 Median :1.000 Median :1.00
#> Mean :0.7 Mean :0.881 Mean :0.75
#> 3rd Qu.:1.0 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:1.00
#> Max. :1.0 Max. :3.000 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :174760 NA's :12073 NA's :128621
#> C7_Restrictions on internal movement C7_Flag
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:0.00
#> Median :1.000 Median :1.00
#> Mean :0.913 Mean :0.74
#> 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:1.00
#> Max. :2.000 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :12095 NA's :121983
#> C8_International travel controls E1_Income support E1_Flag
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.0
#> 1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:0.0
#> Median :3.000 Median :1.000 Median :0.0
#> Mean :2.516 Mean :0.766 Mean :0.5
#> 3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:1.000 3rd Qu.:1.0
#> Max. :4.000 Max. :2.000 Max. :1.0
#> NA's :13184 NA's :25850 NA's :135841
#> E2_Debt/contract relief E3_Fiscal measures E4_International support
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000e+00 Min. :0.000e+00
#> 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:0.000e+00 1st Qu.:0.000e+00
#> Median :1.000 Median :0.000e+00 Median :0.000e+00
#> Mean :0.894 Mean :1.219e+08 Mean :6.164e+06
#> 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:0.000e+00 3rd Qu.:0.000e+00
#> Max. :2.000 Max. :1.958e+12 Max. :8.344e+11
#> NA's :25983 NA's :144167 NA's :144271
#> H1_Public information campaigns H1_Flag H2_Testing policy
#> Min. :0.00 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000
#> 1st Qu.:2.00 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:2.000
#> Median :2.00 Median :1.000 Median :2.000
#> Mean :1.86 Mean :0.994 Mean :2.151
#> 3rd Qu.:2.00 3rd Qu.:1.000 3rd Qu.:3.000
#> Max. :2.00 Max. :1.000 Max. :3.000
#> NA's :12044 NA's :25468 NA's :13153
#> H3_Contact tracing H4_Emergency investment in healthcare
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0.000e+00
#> 1st Qu.:1.000 1st Qu.:0.000e+00
#> Median :2.000 Median :0.000e+00
#> Mean :1.417 Mean :6.058e+06
#> 3rd Qu.:2.000 3rd Qu.:0.000e+00
#> Max. :2.000 Max. :2.424e+11
#> NA's :14967 NA's :139817
#> H5_Investment in vaccines H6_Facial Coverings H6_Flag
#> Min. :0.000e+00 Min. :0.000 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:0.000e+00 1st Qu.:2.000 1st Qu.:1.00
#> Median :0.000e+00 Median :3.000 Median :1.00
#> Mean :8.992e+05 Mean :2.406 Mean :0.89
#> 3rd Qu.:0.000e+00 3rd Qu.:3.000 3rd Qu.:1.00
#> Max. :1.004e+11 Max. :4.000 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :75701 NA's :12375 NA's :50804
#> H7_Vaccination policy H7_Flag H8_Protection of elderly people
#> Min. :0.000 Min. :0 Min. :0.000
#> 1st Qu.:0.000 1st Qu.:1 1st Qu.:0.000
#> Median :2.000 Median :1 Median :2.000
#> Mean :2.334 Mean :1 Mean :1.449
#> 3rd Qu.:5.000 3rd Qu.:1 3rd Qu.:2.000
#> Max. :5.000 Max. :1 Max. :3.000
#> NA's :12639 NA's :142703 NA's :22919
#> H8_Flag M1_Wildcard V1_Vaccine Prioritisation (summary)
#> Min. :0.00 Mode:logical Min. :0.0
#> 1st Qu.:1.00 NA's:290916 1st Qu.:0.0
#> Median :1.00 Median :1.0
#> Mean :0.87 Mean :0.9
#> 3rd Qu.:1.00 3rd Qu.:2.0
#> Max. :1.00 Max. :2.0
#> NA's :93417 NA's :93304
#> V2A_Vaccine Availability (summary)
#> Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:0.00
#> Median :1.00
#> Mean :1.09
#> 3rd Qu.:2.00
#> Max. :3.00
#> NA's :94067
#> V2B_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (general population summary)
#> Length:290916
#> Class :character
#> Mode :character
#>
#>
#>
#>
#> V2C_Vaccine age eligibility/availability age floor (at risk summary)
#> Length:290916
#> Class :character
#> Mode :character
#>
#>
#>
#>
#> V2D_Medically/ clinically vulnerable (Non-elderly) V2E_Education
#> Min. :0.00 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:1.00 1st Qu.:1.00
#> Median :2.00 Median :2.00
#> Mean :1.51 Mean :1.43
#> 3rd Qu.:2.00 3rd Qu.:2.00
#> Max. :2.00 Max. :2.00
#> NA's :182049 NA's :182049
#> V2F_Frontline workers (non healthcare) V2G_Frontline workers (healthcare)
#> Min. :0.00 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:2.00 1st Qu.:2.00
#> Median :2.00 Median :2.00
#> Mean :1.65 Mean :1.77
#> 3rd Qu.:2.00 3rd Qu.:2.00
#> Max. :2.00 Max. :2.00
#> NA's :182049 NA's :182049
#> V3_Vaccine Financial Support (summary) V4_Mandatory Vaccination (summary)
#> Min. :0.00 Min. :0.00
#> 1st Qu.:0.00 1st Qu.:0.00
#> Median :5.00 Median :0.00
#> Mean :2.59 Mean :0.25
#> 3rd Qu.:5.00 3rd Qu.:0.00
#> Max. :5.00 Max. :1.00
#> NA's :94067 NA's :236046
#> ConfirmedCases ConfirmedDeaths StringencyIndex StringencyIndexForDisplay
#> Min. : 0 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
#> 1st Qu.: 1621 1st Qu.: 18 1st Qu.: 36.11 1st Qu.: 36.11
#> Median : 48624 Median : 800 Median : 51.85 Median : 51.85
#> Mean : 658512 Mean : 11838 Mean : 50.37 Mean : 50.32
#> 3rd Qu.: 372546 3rd Qu.: 6584 3rd Qu.: 66.67 3rd Qu.: 66.67
#> Max. :81858744 Max. :997503 Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00
#> NA's :11724 NA's :11812 NA's :12567 NA's :11671
#> StringencyLegacyIndex StringencyLegacyIndexForDisplay GovernmentResponseIndex
#> Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
#> 1st Qu.: 47.14 1st Qu.: 47.14 1st Qu.:43.75
#> Median : 63.10 Median : 63.10 Median :54.48
#> Mean : 58.63 Mean : 58.58 Mean :51.11
#> 3rd Qu.: 73.81 3rd Qu.: 73.81 3rd Qu.:63.54
#> Max. :100.00 Max. :100.00 Max. :91.67
#> NA's :12470 NA's :11581 NA's :14670
#> GovernmentResponseIndexForDisplay ContainmentHealthIndex
#> Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
#> 1st Qu.:43.75 1st Qu.:45.83
#> Median :54.43 Median :56.85
#> Mean :51.08 Mean :53.24
#> 3rd Qu.:63.54 3rd Qu.:65.95
#> Max. :91.67 Max. :95.83
#> NA's :13758 NA's :12908
#> ContainmentHealthIndexForDisplay EconomicSupportIndex
#> Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
#> 1st Qu.:45.83 1st Qu.: 0.00
#> Median :56.67 Median : 37.50
#> Mean :53.21 Mean : 37.81
#> 3rd Qu.:65.89 3rd Qu.: 62.50
#> Max. :95.83 Max. :100.00
#> NA's :12000 NA's :26114
#> EconomicSupportIndexForDisplay
#> Min. : 0.00
#> 1st Qu.: 0.00
#> Median : 37.50
#> Mean : 37.78
#> 3rd Qu.: 62.50
#> Max. :100.00
#> NA's :25216