Tutorial: shell-tool agents grounding citations

An agent harness with a shell tool — Codex CLI, a custom Anthropic SDK harness, Cline, in-house automation — calling quartobot’s CLI to resolve and validate citations during drafting.

The MCP path covers authoring clients that natively speak MCP — Claude Desktop, Codex, Gemini Code Assist, Cursor. The other half of the agentic-authoring world is harnesses without MCP support, where the agent has a bash or run_command tool and reaches the resolver by shelling out. This tutorial walks that path.

What’s different from the MCP path

The same manubot.cite.citekey_to_csl_item sits underneath both. MCP gives the agent a typed tool call; the shell path is the same call wrapped in quartobot resolve --output - | jq. Pick by where your agent lives.

If you’re using Claude Desktop, the MCP path is simpler — see the MCP + Claude Desktop tutorial. If you’re using a harness with shell access and no MCP support, this is the path.

Before you start

You need:

  • quartobot installed — uv tool install quartobot. The base install is enough; the [mcp] extra is only for the MCP-server path. Available from PyPI as of v0.2.0.
  • An agent harness with a shell tool — Codex CLI’s bash tool, a custom Anthropic SDK harness with tool use, Cline, an in-house automation script with subprocess access. Anything that lets the agent invoke a shell command and read stdout.
  • jq — most examples below pipe through it. Not strictly required (the agent can parse CSL JSON directly), but the shell trace reads more cleanly with it.

That’s it. No MCP SDK, no JSON config files, no Claude Desktop.

Building blocks

Three calls the agent will make. Each is a single shell command; output goes to stdout for the agent to read back.

quartobot resolve --output - <key>

Resolves one cite key to stdout. The simplest building block:

quartobot resolve --output - doi:10.21105/joss.01686 | jq '.[0].title'
"Welcome to the Tidyverse"

Output is CSL JSON — an array with one element per resolved key. The human-readable summary line goes to stderr and stays out of the agent’s parsing path. Exit is non-zero if any key fails to resolve, so a set -e or shell-tool error path picks the failure up automatically.

A slightly fuller pipeline pulling title and first author:

quartobot resolve --output - doi:10.21105/joss.01686 \
  | jq '.[0] | {title, author: .author[0].family}'
{
  "title": "Welcome to the Tidyverse",
  "author": "Wickham"
}

The agent reads that back, ties title and author to the prose key, and drops a verified @doi:... into the draft.

quartobot resolve --output - --from-scan <path>

Resolves every persistent-identifier cite key in a project tree to stdout in one call. Useful when the agent’s task is “show me everything that’s cited” or “give me the bibliography I’ll be working with”:

quartobot resolve --output - --from-scan . | jq 'length'
12

The same array shape, just longer. The agent can pipe through jq to filter, group by prefix, or extract titles for a survey reply.

quartobot validate <path>

Runs pre-flight checks on a Quarto project. Non-zero exit on failure. The agent gates “should I commit this?” on it:

quartobot validate .
  ✓ _quarto.yml exists
  ✓ bibliography declared — 2 file(s): references.bib, references.resolved.bib
  ✓ pre-render hook — `quartobot resolve` invoked with --id-mode citation-key
  ✓ resolved bibliography in `bibliography:` — listed under `bibliography:`
  ✓ no duplicate cite keys — 5 unique key(s) in 3 file(s)

5 of 5 checks passed.

Static checks only — no network. The full check list lives in CLI reference: quartobot validate.

Cross-reference: see How to resolve a single citation for the CLI side in isolation. The rest of this tutorial assumes that’s already familiar.

Worked scenario

The premise: the agent receives a draft paragraph from the user with @doi:... and @pmid:... cite keys. The user asks the agent to “verify these citations and report back.”

The trace, in pseudocode form — what the agent shells out, what it reads back, what it tells the user:

user → "Verify the citations in this paragraph:
The tidyverse [@doi:10.21105/joss.01686] gave R users a coherent
grammar for data manipulation. The Genotype-Tissue Expression
Consortium's pilot analysis [@pmid:23715323] catalogued
tissue-specific gene expression across hundreds of donors — two
modern methods citations the agent should verify against the
source registrars before letting them into the draft."

agent thinking → "I'll grep cite keys, resolve each, report findings."

agent shells →
  $ echo "<paragraph>" | grep -oE '@(doi|pmid|arxiv|isbn|url|wikidata|pmc):[^][:space:],]+' | sort -u
  @doi:10.21105/joss.01686
  @pmid:23715323

  $ quartobot resolve --output - doi:10.21105/joss.01686 \
      | jq '.[0] | {title, author: .author[0].family, year: .issued."date-parts"[0][0]}'
  {
    "title": "Welcome to the Tidyverse",
    "author": "Wickham",
    "year": 2019
  }

  $ quartobot resolve --output - pmid:23715323 \
      | jq '.[0] | {title, author: .author[0].family, year: .issued."date-parts"[0][0]}'
  {
    "title": "The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project",
    "author": "Lonsdale",
    "year": 2013
  }

agent → "Both citations resolve. doi:10.21105/joss.01686 is
Wickham et al., 'Welcome to the Tidyverse' (Journal of Open
Source Software, 2019). pmid:23715323 is Lonsdale et al., 'The
Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project' (Nature Genetics, 2013).
Both check out — the paragraph is ready to drop into your
manuscript."

Two things worth flagging about that trace. The grep regex covers manubot’s full prefix set (doi, pmid, arxiv, isbn, url, wikidata, pmc); anything not matching is a hand-curated references.bib entry that doesn’t need resolving. And the jq filters pull only what the agent needs (title, author, year), keeping the response inside the context budget on long drafts. If a resolve call had returned a non-zero exit, the agent reports the failure and refuses to commit to an unverified key.

Gating commits on validate

A follow-up scenario. The user asks the agent to add a new paragraph to methods.qmd. After writing the edit, the agent runs quartobot validate . before suggesting the commit:

agent shells →
  $ quartobot validate .
  ✓ _quarto.yml exists
  ✓ bibliography declared — 2 file(s): references.bib, references.resolved.bib
  ✓ pre-render hook — `quartobot resolve` invoked with --id-mode citation-key
  ✓ resolved bibliography in `bibliography:`
  ✗ no duplicate cite keys — @doi:10.21105/joss.01686 appears in 2 file(s):
      intro.qmd:14
      methods.qmd:42

  4 of 5 checks passed. Exit 1.
  $ echo $?
  1

agent → "validate failed: doi:10.21105/joss.01686 now appears
in both intro.qmd and methods.qmd. Cross-file duplicates fail the
no-duplicate-cite-keys check and block the CI render — `validate`
exited non-zero. Want me to reuse the existing intro.qmd citation
by referring back to that section, or to factor the shared claim
out?"

The point is structural. The agent doesn’t decide whether the edit is clean; validate decides. The agent just respects the exit code. A non-zero exit means “report the failure to the user; don’t suggest the commit.” A zero exit means the edit clears the pre-flight checks the human reviewer would also be running.

This generalizes. Anywhere your harness has a “should I take this action?” decision point, quartobot validate is a cheap pre-condition to check. No network, fast enough to run on every turn.

Wiring this into a harness

Two things to wire:

  1. Shell access — the agent needs a tool that can execute quartobot resolve --output - and quartobot validate, and pipe stdout through jq. Most harnesses already have this:

    • Codex CLI ships a bash tool by default; nothing to add.
    • Anthropic SDK custom harnesses use the tool-use API with a bash or run_command tool of your definition. See the Anthropic tool use docs for the schema.
    • Cline uses a built-in shell-execution capability that’s enabled per-workspace.
    • In-house automation typically already shells out; the quartobot calls slot in alongside whatever else the harness runs.

  2. System-prompt guidance — tell the agent to use these as the citation-resolution path. Something like:

    When the user asks you to verify, resolve, or draft citations, use quartobot resolve --output - <key> | jq to fetch metadata from the project’s resolver rather than relying on your training data. Before suggesting a commit that touches .qmd or references.bib, run quartobot validate . and only proceed on exit 0. Cite-key prefixes the resolver accepts: doi, pmid, arxiv, isbn, url, wikidata, pmc. Hand-curated keys (anything without one of those prefixes) live in references.bib; the resolver skips them.

The exact wording lives in your harness’s system prompt; the canonical docs for that prompt slot are the agent platform’s, not this tutorial’s.

What you have

  • An agent that grounds citations against the same manubot.cite.citekey_to_csl_item your manuscript renderer uses — no metadata drift between draft and render.
  • A pre-flight gate on commits, via quartobot validate, that the agent respects on exit code without needing to reason about the check list.
  • One install (uv tool install quartobot), one binary, no SDK, no MCP config, no per-client wiring.

See also